The origin of the Archdiocese of Mwanza can be traced back to 1884 when Mwanza was part of Nyanza Vicariate, which was comprised of Bukoba, Ngara, Biharamulo, Karagwe, Rwanda and Burundi under Monsignor Livinhac. From 1890 Bishop Joseph Hirth led the Vicariate until 1912 when it was divided into Rwanda vicariate and Nyanza vicariate. Nyanza vicariate was led by Monsignor Sweens and was comprised of the present Mwanza Metropolitan with the exception of Shinyanga.
On 10 April, 1929 Nyanza vicariate was divided into Bukoba vicariate and Mwanza vicariate. Bishop Anthony Oomen led Mwanza vicariate until 1948. In 1949, Bishop Joseph Blomjous led the vicariate and later on 25 March, 1953, the diocese of Mwanza. From 1966 Bishop Renatus Butibubage led the diocese of Mwanza until he retired in 1987.
On 18 November, 1987, Mwanza became a Metropolitan See, with Suffragan Dioceses: Mwanza, Bukoba, Shinyanga, Musoma, Geita, Rulenge-Ngara and Kayanga. His Grace Anthony Mayala was installed as its first Archbishop on 28/02/1988. Before that, he was the Bishop of Musoma since 1979.
The Archdiocese of Mwanza covers an area of 19,592 square kilometers, which comprises Ilemela, Magu, Nyamagana, Kwimba, Misungwi ad Ukerewe districts. It is costituted of 33 parishes, which together make a total number of 877,000 Catholics.